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水安全问题——我们需要全球性的解决方案

Roger A. Falconer

《工程（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期页码 13-15 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.10.009

关键词： Water security Virtual Water Climate change Role of Engineers Water Pollution Floods and Droughts

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Land use/cover change effects on floods with different return periods: a case study of Beijing, China

Yueling WANG, Xiaoliu YANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第5期页码 769-776 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0542-z

摘要： In this study, an approach integrating digital land use/cover change (LUCC) analysis, hydraulic modeling and statistical methods was applied to quantify the effect of LUCC on floods in terms of inundation extent, flood arrival time and maximum water depth. The study took Beijing as an example and analyzed five specific floods with return periods of 20-year, 50-year, 100-year, 1000-year and 10000-year on the basis of LUCC over a nine-year period from 1996 to 2004. The analysis reveals that 1) during the period of analysis Beijing experienced unprecedented LUCC; 2) LUCC can affect inundation extent and flood arrival time, and floods with longer return periods are more influenced; 3) LUCC can affect maximum water depth and floods with shorter return periods are more influenced; and 4) LUCC is a major flood security stressor for Beijing. It warns that those cities having experienced rapid expansion during recent decades in China are in danger of more serious floods and recommends that their actual land use patterns should be carefully assessed considering flood security. This integrated approach is demonstrated to be a useful tool for joint assessment, planning and management of land and water.

关键词： inundation extent flood arrival time maximum water depth shallow flow model

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大坝和洪水

F. Lempérière

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第1期页码 144-149 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.01.018

摘要：

大坝对洪水的削弱作用和大坝面对洪水时的风险是本文讨论的两个主题。中国成功和高效地进行了大坝建设，正在引领世界上该领域的发展。本文致力于研究其他国家的相关经验、从数个世纪以来的事故中获得的教训以及新的解决方案。按照坝高、库容、筑坝材料和泄洪数据对洪水灾害进行分析，结果表明，多数重大事故发生于库容超过10 hm³的土石坝。新的解决方案对大坝安全和防洪来说都具有良好的前景。

关键词：洪水防洪泄洪道迷宫式泄洪道溃坝